Key facts
- Asperger syndrome is no longer a separate diagnosis. Since the DSM-5 (2013), it is included within autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
- It described autistic people with strong language and intellectual skills alongside social and sensory differences.
- Many people diagnosed before 2013 still identify with the term, and that choice is valid.
- Understanding and tailored support help people with this profile communicate, work, and thrive.
What is Asperger syndrome?
Asperger syndrome was historically used to describe people who showed the social communication and sensory differences associated with autism, but without delays in language development or intellectual ability. People with this profile often have average or above-average intelligence and fluent language, alongside differences in social interaction and a tendency toward focused, deep interests.
It is important to know that Asperger syndrome is no longer a separate clinical diagnosis. In 2013, the DSM-5 folded it, along with several related diagnoses, into the single category of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Clinicians today diagnose autism rather than Asperger syndrome. For a fuller picture, see our guide to autism.
How it relates to autism today
What was once called Asperger syndrome is now understood as part of the autism spectrum. The change reflected research showing that these profiles share the same core features as autism and exist along a continuum, rather than forming a clearly separate condition. A person who would previously have received an Asperger diagnosis would today be diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder, often described as needing lower levels of support.
Many people diagnosed before the change continue to use the term Asperger's or describe themselves as "Aspie," and that is a personal and valid choice. Language around identity belongs to the person who lives it.
Traits and characteristics
People with this profile tend to share certain characteristics, which vary from person to person:
- Strong language skills and often a rich vocabulary
- Differences in reading social cues, tone, or unwritten social rules
- Deep, focused interests and extensive knowledge in specific areas
- Preference for routine, structure, and predictability
- Sensory sensitivities to sound, light, texture, or other input
- A direct, honest communication style
These are differences rather than deficits, and many are genuine strengths in the right environment.
How it is diagnosed
Because Asperger syndrome is no longer a separate diagnosis, a clinician today assesses for autism spectrum disorder. Diagnosis is based on developmental history, observation, and structured assessments carried out by a specialist such as a psychologist or psychiatrist. There is no blood test or scan.
Many people with this profile are diagnosed later in life, particularly women and those who have learned to mask their traits. A later diagnosis can bring relief, self-understanding, and access to support and community.
Support and treatment
This profile of autism is not an illness to be cured. Support focuses on the areas a person finds challenging while respecting who they are.
Practical and psychological support
Counseling, social-skills support where wanted, and occupational therapy for sensory needs can help. Cognitive behavioral therapy is useful when anxiety or low mood are present.
Accommodations
Clear communication, predictable routines, sensory-friendly environments, and understanding from schools and workplaces often make the biggest difference.
Support for co-occurring conditions
People with this profile may also experience anxiety, depression, or ADHD. Addressing these, when present, can significantly improve wellbeing.
When to seek help
Consider an assessment if long-standing social, sensory, or routine-related differences affect daily life, or if you simply want to understand yourself or your child better. A diagnosis can open the door to support, accommodations, and a community of people with shared experiences.
Frequently asked questions
Is Asperger syndrome still a diagnosis?
No. Since the DSM-5 in 2013, Asperger syndrome is no longer a separate diagnosis and is included within autism spectrum disorder. Clinicians now diagnose autism, though many people still use the term Asperger's to describe their identity.
What is the difference between Asperger's and autism?
They are not separate conditions. Asperger syndrome described a profile of autism with strong language and intellectual ability. Today it is understood as part of the autism spectrum, typically with lower support needs. See our guide to autism for more.
Should I still use the term Asperger's?
That is a personal choice. Many people diagnosed before 2013 identify strongly with the term, while others prefer "autistic." Both are valid, and the words a person uses for their own identity are theirs to choose.